Health

Everyone in Estonia has the right to live in an environment that supports good health and to make healthy choices. The healthier we are, the longer we can lead a fulfilling life and the longer our life expectancy will be.

Health has a significant impact on our ability to cope with everyday life, on our social and economic contribution and on the overall development of our country. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. The right to the protection of health is a fundamental human right.

Health statistics provide an overview of the health status of Estonian people, the factors that influence health, and the accessibility of health care services.

We publish the following statistics:

  • access to health care;
  • health status;
  • general data on disabled people, their employment and coping.

The statistics are broken down by age, sex, region and other characteristics.

Access to health care covers the accessibility of family doctors, specialised doctors and dentists. The statistics on people with disabilities focus on their employment and coping.

Health statistics help us understand how people’s health varies across different social groups, what the biggest health-related concerns are, and where more support and services are needed. The statistics are used to shape health, social and labour policies, to develop health care services and to improve people’s quality of life.

Share of persons aged 16 and over with very good or good health 57.8 %
2025
Share of persons aged 16 and over with neither good nor bad health 30.1 %
2025
Share of persons aged 16 and over with bad or very bad health 12.0 %
2025
Share of persons aged 16 and over with long-term illness 48.1 %
2025
Share of persons aged 16 and over with severe limitations to everyday activities 11.7 %
2025
Disabled persons 100,980
-6.4%
Accessibility of family physicians 96.4 %
2025
Accessibility of specialised doctors 92.8 %
2025
Accessibility of dentists 93.8 %
2025

At-risk-of-poverty and absolute poverty rates by disability, capacity for work and activity limitation, 2024

Unit: %

 At-risk-of-poverty rateAbsolute poverty rate
Disabled persons38.0.
Persons with limited capacity for work29.0.
Persons with incapacity for work..
Persons without work ability and with partial work ability29.3.
Persons with activity limitations31.73.4

Employment and unemployment rates by disability, capacity for work and activity limitation, 2025

Unit: %

 Employment rateUnemployment rate
Disabled persons26.215.1
Persons with activity limitations....
Persons with full work ability70.56.9
Persons with limited capacity for work49.415.1
Persons with incapacity for work..
Persons with 40-100% of incapacity for work..
Persons without work ability and with partial work ability49.715.2
Persons without work ability23.216.0
Persons with partial work ability65.915.1

Work ability assessments by county, 2025

 Full work abilityPartial work abilityNo work ability
Harju county3,3727,0914,076
Hiiu county489360
Ida-Viru county1,3902,3971,171
Jõgeva county255561339
Järva county245458294
Lääne county122238169
Lääne-Viru county4821,022622
Põlva county256644336
Pärnu county6781,430845
Rapla county247587329
Saare county190474270
Tartu county1,4533,1621,595
Valga county269688372
Viljandi county372847475
Võru county359828512
News

How healthy are the people of Estonia?

Starting on 1 May, residents of Estonia will receive invitations to participate in the Estonian Health Interview Survey, which aims to assess the health status of the population, factors influencing it, and the use of health services. The survey covers the entire population of Estonia aged 15 and older. 

Read more 5. May 2025