Health
Everyone in Estonia has the right to live in an environment that supports good health and to make healthy choices. The healthier we are, the longer we can lead a fulfilling life and the longer our life expectancy will be.
Health has a significant impact on our ability to cope with everyday life, on our social and economic contribution and on the overall development of our country. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. The right to the protection of health is a fundamental human right.
Health statistics provide an overview of the health status of Estonian people, the factors that influence health, and the accessibility of health care services.
We publish the following statistics:
- access to health care;
- health status;
- general data on disabled people, their employment and coping.
The statistics are broken down by age, sex, region and other characteristics.
Access to health care covers the accessibility of family doctors, specialised doctors and dentists. The statistics on people with disabilities focus on their employment and coping.
Health statistics help us understand how people’s health varies across different social groups, what the biggest health-related concerns are, and where more support and services are needed. The statistics are used to shape health, social and labour policies, to develop health care services and to improve people’s quality of life.
At-risk-of-poverty and absolute poverty rates by disability, capacity for work and activity limitation, 2024
Unit: %
| At-risk-of-poverty rate | Absolute poverty rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Disabled persons | 38.0 | . |
| Persons with limited capacity for work | 29.0 | . |
| Persons with incapacity for work | . | . |
| Persons without work ability and with partial work ability | 29.3 | . |
| Persons with activity limitations | 31.7 | 3.4 |
Employment and unemployment rates by disability, capacity for work and activity limitation, 2025
Unit: %
| Employment rate | Unemployment rate | |
|---|---|---|
| Disabled persons | 26.2 | 15.1 |
| Persons with activity limitations | .. | .. |
| Persons with full work ability | 70.5 | 6.9 |
| Persons with limited capacity for work | 49.4 | 15.1 |
| Persons with incapacity for work | . | . |
| Persons with 40-100% of incapacity for work | . | . |
| Persons without work ability and with partial work ability | 49.7 | 15.2 |
| Persons without work ability | 23.2 | 16.0 |
| Persons with partial work ability | 65.9 | 15.1 |
Work ability assessments by county, 2025
| Full work ability | Partial work ability | No work ability | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harju county | 3,372 | 7,091 | 4,076 |
| Hiiu county | 48 | 93 | 60 |
| Ida-Viru county | 1,390 | 2,397 | 1,171 |
| Jõgeva county | 255 | 561 | 339 |
| Järva county | 245 | 458 | 294 |
| Lääne county | 122 | 238 | 169 |
| Lääne-Viru county | 482 | 1,022 | 622 |
| Põlva county | 256 | 644 | 336 |
| Pärnu county | 678 | 1,430 | 845 |
| Rapla county | 247 | 587 | 329 |
| Saare county | 190 | 474 | 270 |
| Tartu county | 1,453 | 3,162 | 1,595 |
| Valga county | 269 | 688 | 372 |
| Viljandi county | 372 | 847 | 475 |
| Võru county | 359 | 828 | 512 |
Life expectancy in Estonia is 79.8 years, healthy life expectancy is 57.3 years
According to Statistics Estonia, in 2025, life expectancy at birth was 79.8 years in Estonia. The number of healthy life years at birth was 57.3 years in 2025, which means that the indicator fell to the level of 2021 and 2022.
How healthy are the people of Estonia?
Starting on 1 May, residents of Estonia will receive invitations to participate in the Estonian Health Interview Survey, which aims to assess the health status of the population, factors influencing it, and the use of health services. The survey covers the entire population of Estonia aged 15 and older.