Real GDP growth rate (chain-linked volume)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated taking account of all economic transactions. When calculating the real economic growth, there needs to be an adjustment for price changes. The nominal GDP includes price changes, which is removed when calculating the real GDP. The real economic growth shows how much the volume of goods in the economy has increased.
Flash estimate of GDP, at constant prices and seasonally and working-day adjusted, 2nd quarter 2023 – 3rd quarter 2025
| GDP chain-linked volume, change compared with same period of previous year, percentages | |
|---|---|
| 2nd quarter 2023 | -3.0 |
| 3rd quarter 2023 | -2.5 |
| 4th quarter 2023 | -3.0 |
| 1st quarter 2024 | -2.1 |
| 2nd quarter 2024 | -1.7 |
| 3rd quarter 2024 | -0.7 |
| 4th quarter 2024 | -0.1 |
| 1st quarter 2025 | 1.2 |
| 2nd quarter 2025 | 0.5 |
| 3rd quarter 2025 | 0.9 |
GDP chain-linked volume (reference year 2020), 2012–2024
Unit: million euros
| 2012 | 22,872.1 |
|---|---|
| 2013 | 23,273.8 |
| 2014 | 24,047.2 |
| 2015 | 24,489.2 |
| 2016 | 25,246.7 |
| 2017 | 26,669.2 |
| 2018 | 27,655.9 |
| 2019 | 28,686.6 |
| 2020 | 27,859.3 |
| 2021 | 30,159.0 |
| 2022 | 29,789.2 |
| 2023 | 28,971.8 |
| 2024 | 28,945.7 |
GDP chain-linked volume (reference year 2020), 2020–2024
Unit: million euros
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seasonally and working day unadjusted | 27,859.3 | 30,159.0 | 29,789.2 | 28,971.8 | 28,945.7 |
| Seasonally and working day adjusted | 27,897.1 | 30,173.6 | 29,814.2 | 28,974.6 | 28,950.0 |
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