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The subsistence minimum is the minimum amount of means of subsistence required to cover a person's daily needs. It serves as the absolute poverty threshold. Subsistence minimum is calculated taking into account food and dwelling expenditures and individual non-food expenditures. Subsistence minimum does not include expenditures on alcohol, tobacco products, package tours, the purchase of transport equipment and expenses in restaurants and hotels. The basis for calculating food expenditure is the minimum estimated food basket (2,400 kcal per day). It includes food products that cover a person’s

Social protection helps the underprivileged and vulnerable members of society to cope, covering public and private financial support and support services for job search, health care and daily living. The state organises social protection through social insurance and social welfare. Social insurance provides a person at least a minimum income in the event of loss of employment, illness, birth of a child, incapacity for work and old age. Social welfare is aimed at improving the living standards of the most vulnerable members of society and preventing poverty. Social protection measures help

The focus of the global goal “Decent Work and Economic Growth” is to ensure sustainable and environmentally friendly economic growth that would not involve excessive and unsustainable use of resources. Sustainable economic growth helps people escape poverty and find employment. The 2030 Agenda sets a target to achieve higher economic productivity, using diversification, technological upgrades and innovation, and focusing among else on sectors that have high value added and are labour-intensive. It is also expected that governments support the creation of decent jobs, entrepreneurship

The focus of the global goal “Clean Water and Sanitation” is the need to ensure that people have clean drinking water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. Lack of quality and adequate water supply and sanitation affects reaching other global goals such as healthcare, promoting education and reducing poverty. The 2030 Agenda sets the target to improve water and sanitation systems to ensure access to quality drinking water and adequate wastewater treatment. Mainly, indirect measures must be taken, for example, improving water resources management, preventing pollution of water bodies with waste

Research and development (R&D) aim at acquiring new knowledge or using existing knowledge in a novel way. For example, it is the improvement of a product or work process. R&D ends when the main product is developed and the focus is shifted to production planning or market expansion. The main features of R&D are novelty, creativity, ambiguity, systematicity and transferability. Novelty means discovering something new, and with that goal in mind, researchers carry out studies at universities and research institutes. In business, novelty refers to new discoveries or technologies that have not