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Birth statistics are analysed to get an idea of the possibilities and problems facing future generations. Fertility rates also have a major impact on the education system and on the labour market and social services offered. The study of birth trends gives valuable insight for improving health and family policies. This enables us to shape a future where the society can meet people’s needs as well as possible, thereby ensuring sustainable development. The statistics on births focus on families and provide information, such as how many children were in a family when a new child was born; where

The focus of the global goal “Reduced Inequalities” is safe, controlled and regular migration, and increasing the influence of developing countries in making economic and financial decisions. The 2030 Agenda lays down that the incomes of the 40% of population earning the least must grow faster than national averages. Also, all people must be treated equally, irrespective of their age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, economic or other status, while their social, economic and political inclusion must be promoted. The same principles must also apply in the case of migration

The focus of the global goal “Sustainable Cities and Communities” is problems related to rapid urbanisation. Although cities are sources of innovation and exhibit fast growth in the number of jobs as well as economic growth, urbanisation also causes problems, such as poor living conditions, air pollution, poor access to services and lacking infrastructure. The 2030 Agenda includes a global target to ensure everybody adequate, safe, affordable housing and basic services, and improve slums. Efficient waste management and availability of transport networks, especially of public transport, is

The focus of the global goal “Good Health and Well-being” is the quality of health, which has the most direct impact on people’s well-being. Important issues include how to improve sexual health, ensure the health of mothers and infants, prevent communicable diseases and ensure accessibility of safe, quality and affordable health care. Disease awareness must be increased and more attention must be paid to prevention. Addictions, including drug abuse and smoking must be prevented and treated more than previously. Reduction in the number of road traffic accidents is emphasised. The Estonian

The focus of the global goal “Zero Hunger” is food and access to food. The goal is to end hunger by 2030, and therefore, the emphasis is on food sufficiency and quality of food that would meet the nutritional needs of the poor and the vulnerable groups. For ending hunger and ensuring adequate nutrition, the 2030 Agenda lays down measures to double agricultural productivity in order to increase food production and reduce food waste. An important goal is to develop crops that are resistant to climate change and improve soil quality. It is essential to maintain the genetic diversity of local

The focus of the global goal “Climate Action” is to mitigating the impact from climate change and adapting to it. The average global temperature continues to rise and global sea ice is shrinking. This causes floods and natural disasters to occur more often and increases the risk of species extinction. The 2030 Agenda lays down the target to mitigate climate change as well as adapt to it. Political programmes and strategies must include these topics. It is necessary to raise awareness about climate change, capacity to mitigate it and adjust to it, reduce its impact and provide early warning. On

The focus of the goal “Affordable and Clean Energy” is access to reliable, sustainable and affordable energy. Further efforts must be made for the availability of electricity or other energy sources used for preparing food. Energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy must be increased. The 2030 Agenda sets the target to increase the share of renewable energy in energy production, double the rate of improvement in energy efficiency, i.e. reduce energy intensity per unit of GDP. Specifically, it is important to contribute to the development of better financial instruments, to define

The focus of the global goal “Gender Equality” is basic rights of women and girls and gender equality. In order to achieve the goal, it is important to contribute more, including establish legal frameworks to help reduce gender discrimination and change attitudes and social norms. The 2030 Agenda lays down ending gender inequality affecting women and girls, ending abuse against them and empowering them. The goal is to end the discrimination of women and girls as well as violence against them. It is essential to ensure that women have equal opportunities to participate at all levels of decision

The focus of the global goal “Clean Water and Sanitation” is the need to ensure that people have clean drinking water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. Lack of quality and adequate water supply and sanitation affects reaching other global goals such as healthcare, promoting education and reducing poverty. The 2030 Agenda sets the target to improve water and sanitation systems to ensure access to quality drinking water and adequate wastewater treatment. Mainly, indirect measures must be taken, for example, improving water resources management, preventing pollution of water bodies with waste