Financial statistics of enterprises (annual)
Enterprises’ assets, liabilities and equity; investments in fixed assets; income statement, employment and hours worked; value added and productivity characteristics by economic activity (EMTAK 2008) and number of persons employed | |
Estonian Classification of Economic Activities (EMTAK 2008) based on NACE Rev. 2 Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements (EHAK) | |
Nonfinancial enterprises: Agriculture, forestry and fishing; Mining and quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Construction; Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; Transportation and storage; Accommodation and food service activities; Information and communication; Real estate activities; Professional, scientific and technical activities; Administrative and support service activities; Education; Human health and social work activities; Arts, entertainment and recreation; Other service activities. | |
Enterprise – an enterprise consists of one or more companies (public limited company, private limited company, limited partnership, general partnership, commercial association) or branches of foreign companies or sole proprietors. Annual statistics cover only branches of foreign companies with 20 or more persons employed and sole proprietors. Number of enterprises – the number of active enterprises i.e. enterprises that had turnover during the reporting period or had made investments to acquire fixed assets or had paid employees. Number of persons employed – the number of persons who work for the enterprise, irrespective of the length of their working week. The number of persons employed is measured as an annual average. Employed persons include: - working proprietors and their unpaid family members; - full- and part-time employees who are on the pay-roll; - persons who work outside the unit (sales representatives, delivery personnel, repair and maintenance teams, etc.) but who are on the staff list and the pay-roll of the enterprise; - persons temporarily absent from work (persons on sick leave, paid leave, study leave, on strike, etc.); - seasonal workers, trainees (apprentices) and home-workers who are on the pay-roll; - persons employed under the contract for services. Unpaid family workers refer to persons who live with the proprietor of the enterprise and work regularly for the enterprise, but who do not have an employment contract and who do not receive remuneration for the work they perform. This group includes only those persons who are not on the payroll of another enterprise as full-time employees. The number of employed persons excludes the staff of other enterprises who carry out ordered work, and also persons who are absent from work for a long time (persons on child care leave, conscripts, etc.). Number of employees – the number of persons who work for an employer, have a contract of employment and receive compensation in the form of wages, salaries, fees, gratuities, piecework pay or remuneration in kind. The number of employees is measured as an annual average. Number of part-time employees – the number of persons whose usual hours of work are less than the normal working hours (half-day work, work for one, two or three days a week, etc.) by agreement with the employer or temporarily at the employer's initiative due to a reduction in workload. Full-time employees – employees whose working week is 40 hours or shorter pursuant to the provisions of law (minors, employees who work on jobs with harmful effects on health, etc.) or the work procedure rules. Number of employees in full time equivalent units – figures for the number of persons working less than the standard working time of a full-year full-time employee are converted into full time equivalents, with regard to the working time of a full-time full-year employee in the unit. It is the total hours worked divided by the average annual number of hours worked in full-time jobs. Number of hours worked – hours actually worked during normal working hours (of full- and part-time employees) and also overtime. Paid hours not actually worked, such as vacation, holidays, sick days, etc. are not included. If the exact number of hours actually worked is not known, it may be estimated on the basis of the theoretical number of working hours. Net profit (loss) – turnover + other revenue + financial income – costs total – other expenses – financial costs – income tax. Financial costs – costs from ownership shares and other financial investments. Financial income – income from ownership shares and other financial investments. Investments in fixed assets – the cost of buildings, land, equipment, machinery, vehicles, installation, etc. purchased in the reference period; in the case of construction and reconstruction of the existing fixed assets, it also includes the cost of work done; investments in intangible fixed assets and valuables. The acquisition of property classified as investment property is also included. Merchandise – goods purchased for resale to third parties without further processing, including sold stocks of raw materials and materials, real estate (dwellings, flats, non-residential buildings, land) and services (electricity, heat energy, water supply, package tour, etc.). Other expenses – loss on the sale of tangible and intangible assets, property investments, biological assets; fines and fines for delay; other irregular costs incurred during operating activities. Other expenses include extraordinary costs. Other revenues – profit on the sale of tangible and intangible assets, property investments, biological assets; fines and fines for delay received; other irregular revenue earned during business activities. Other revenue includes extraordinary income and subsidies Turnover (formerly 'net sales') – income from sale of all products, goods and services received or to be received, which does not include VAT and excises. Turnover is equal with the pay received or to be received and is calculated on a accrual basis accounting. Turnover excludes subsidies. Sale to non-residents – the revenue from the sale of goods and services to legal persons registered or natural persons residing abroad, i.e. outside Estonia. Sale of own manufacturing production and provided manufacturing services to non-residents does not include the cost of materials in case of re-export if the materials imported for processing purposes were not shown in costs (only the commission for services is included). Wages and salaries – remuneration paid by the employer to all persons for work done in the reference period. Depreciation – depreciation (decrease in value) charge calculated on tangible and intangible and biological assets (in original cost) and property investments, also expenses arising on the impairment (write-downs and/or write-offs) of non-current assets. Social security costs – social tax and unemployment insurance tax paid by an entity in accordance with the legislation. Includes also the social security tax from fringe benefits and from calculated annual leave reserve. Income tax – the cost of income tax on dividends. Personnel expenses – wages and salaries, and social tax. Operating profit (loss) – turnover + other revenue + change in stocks of finished products and work in progress + profit (loss) from biological assets + capitalized self constructed assets - costs total - other expenses. Financial costs – costs from ownership shares and other financial investments Financial income – income from ownership shares and other financial investments Investments in fixed assets – the cost of buildings, land, equipment, machinery, vehicles, installation, etc. purchased in the reference period; in the case of construction and reconstruction of the existing fixed assets, it also includes the cost of work done; investments in intangible fixed assets and valuables. The acquisition of property classified as investment property is also included. Merchandise – goods purchased for resale to third parties without further processing, including sold stocks of raw materials and materials, real estate (dwellings, flats, non-residential buildings, land) and services (electricity, heat energy, water supply, package tour, etc.) Net profit (loss) – the difference between all revenue and expenditure during the reference period: turnover + other revenue + financial income – costs total – other expenses – financial costs – income tax. Other expenses – loss on the sale of tangible and intangible assets, property investments, biological assets; fines and fines for delay; other irregular costs incurred during operating activities. Other expenses include extraordinary costs. Other revenues – profit on the sale of tangible and intangible assets, property investments, biological assets; fines and fines for delay received; other irregular revenue earned during business activities. Other revenue includes extraordinary income and subsidies received from national or local budgets, or from the institutions of the European Union. Turnover (formerly 'net sales') – income from sales of all products, goods and services received or to be received, which does not include VAT and excises. Turnover is equal with the pay received or to be received and is calculated on an accrual basis accounting. The moment of sale is the moment of transfer of ownership to the buyer. Turnover includes charges for packaging, commissions, agency fees and rents. Turnover does not include: - proceeds from selling fixed assets; - other operating revenue (proceeds from liquidation of fixed assets, income from fines and penalties, foreign exchange gains, income from previous years identified in the reporting period, donations received, etc.); - financial and extraordinary income; - subsidies received from national or local budgets, or from the institutions of the European Union; - VAT in the case of persons liable for VAT; - excise duties on the manufacturer and the excise warehousekeeper; - revenue collected on behalf of third parties (contracts of commission and agency services). Sales to non-residents – revenue from sales of goods, products and services to non-residents, i.e. to legal persons registered or natural persons permanently residing in foreign countries. Wages and salaries – remuneration paid by the employer to all persons for work done in the reference period. Depreciation – depreciation (decrease in value) charge calculated on tangible and intangible and biological assets (in original cost) and property investments, also expenses arising on the impairment (write-downs and/or write-offs) of non-current assets. Social security costs – social tax and unemployment insurance tax paid by an entity in accordance with the legislation. Also includes the social security tax from fringe benefits and from calculated annual leave reserve. Income tax – income tax on dividends and profit distribution. Income tax expenses on dividends are reported in income statement in the same period as the dividends were announced, irrespective of the period for which they were announced or when they are actually paid out. Includes expenses or return of income tax payable by subsidiaries in foreign countries and postponed income tax expenses or return. Personnel expenses – wages and salaries, social security tax and unemployment insurance tax paid by employers. Operating profit (loss) – turnover + other revenue + change in stocks of finished products and work in progress + profit (loss) from biological assets + capitalised self-constructed assets – costs total – other expenses. Concentration of turnover – when drawing up the table on the concentration of turnover, 20 enterprises with the largest turnover were taken from each economic activity presented in the table. These 20 enterprises were in their turn divided into five groups by the amount of turnover, with four enterprises in each group (first four, second four, etc.). For example, four construction enterprises with the largest turnover (first four) accounted for 8.8% of the total turnover of the construction activity. The proportion of the turnover of the second four, i.e. enterprises positioning at the 5th–8th place in the priority list, was 5.7%. Twenty construction enterprises with the largest turnover accounted for 25% of the total turnover of construction activity. Cumulative percentage of total turnover – the proportion of aggregated turnover of four enterprises in total turnover. Wholesale sales of goods – reselling of goods and mediation to industrial and trade consumers, institutions and organisations, including leasing enterprises. In mediation of goods, the goods do not belong to mediator, only commission for services belongs there. Retail sales of goods – reselling of new and second-hand goods by stores, stalls, sales counters, mail order sale stores, Internet and public sale to people for private consumption and housekeeping. Retail sale does not include sales of durable goods (cars, furniture, household appliances, etc.) to the people through leasing enterprises, if the leasing enterprise becomes the owner of goods. Industrial production — industrial sales with inventory change added or deducted. Industrial sales — the cost of production and services of industrial type which were produced in an enterprise and which had been realised (sold) and delivered to the purchaser in the reference period regardless of the time when the payment for the production was received. Industrial sales to non-residents — the revenue from sales of industrial production and services to non-residents, i.e. to legal persons registered or natural persons permanently residing in foreign countries. It does not include the cost of materials in case of re-export if the materials imported for processing purposes were not shown in costs (only the commission for services is included). Turnover from construction activity (formerly 'construction activity') – the cost of the construction works sold to the customer. There is double-account in the part of sub-contracting work. Until 2018, the cost of construction work performed for own use was also included. Construction production – the cost of purchased subcontract work has been deducted from the cost of the construction works sold to the customer and construction performed for own use, plus/minus changes in the work-in-progress. Investment property – a real estate object (land, building or part of building) held to earn rental income, for capital appreciation or for both, but not for use in production of goods or services, for administrative purposes or for selling in the process of routine business activity. Assets total – the sum of current and fixed assets, which is equal to the sum of liabilities and equity. Inventories total – inventories include raw materials, materials and supplies, finished goods and work in progress, goods purchased for resale, prepayments to suppliers. Inventories are recognised at their acquisition cost comprising the acquisition price, costs of production and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. More information: RTJ4 “Inventories”. Inventories: raw materials and materials – stocks of purchased materials and intermediate goods, components, parts, structures, packaging materials, fuel, building materials, spare parts and other production supplies. Inventories: work in progress – in primary and ancillary production, cost of works or services and self-produced intermediate products, as well as repair works in progress, as well as agricultural produce. Work in progress is recognised at the acquisition cost, i.e. production cost. Inventories: finished goods – stocks of finished goods, agricultural produce. Finished goods are recognised at their acquisition cost, i.e. at the production cost. Agricultural produce is recognised at the fair value less estimated costs to sell of biological assets at the point of harvest. Such value is also recognised as the acquisition cost of agricultural produce for further recognition as inventory pursuant to the Guideline of the Standards Board (RTJ4 “Inventories”). Inventories: merchandise purchased for resale – goods purchased for resale at the acquisition cost. In case of impairment losses, at actual (discounted) cost. Goods held for commission trade are excluded. Inventories: prepayments to suppliers – prepayments to suppliers for supplying goods, materials and raw materials in the next period. These prepayments cannot be recognised as the reference period expenses. Prepayments to suppliers of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are recognised in fixed assets rows (rows “Property, plant and equipment” and “Intangible assets”). Tax prepayments and deferred expenses are recognised in the current assets row “Non-trade receivables and prepayments”. Liabilities – current and long-term liabilities. Formulas of ratios are published in the "Methodology" section on the website, Formulas of ratios used when publishing financial statistics of enterprises. | |
Enterprise More information: Statistical units | |
Enterprises, excluding financial intermediation enterprises. Excluded from the population (in accordance with the SNA (System of National Accounts) and EBS (European Business Statistics) methodology) are non-market producers such as state and local government enterprises providing hospital treatment services (EMTAK 861) and long-term care services (EMTAK 871), enterprises engaged in state real estate activities (EMTAK 682) etc., which provide services to meet the goals of the state and are therefore treated as units of the government sector. Since 2021, the calendar year profile, i.e. the final frame of economically active entities, is in use. Unlike the initial frame, the final frame covers entities that were active during the calendar year, including those that were only active in the final months of the year. The main source for updating the frame of active economic entities are annual reports. These can also be used to identify the ’signs of life’ indicating economic activity of micro-enterprises, i.e. enterprises that are not registered for VAT (annual turnover up to 40,000 euros) and have no paid employees and for which no other sources of information are available. In 2021, for instance, small enterprises were added to the final frame of active economic entities mainly in service activities. The share of these enterprises in economic indicators such as turnover is not very high. More information: Frame of active economic entities. FRAME List of active enterprises, excluding financial intermediation enterprises. The list is generated from the Business Register for Statistical Purposes. | |
Estonia as a whole Starting from 2020, there are county data for all size groups. County data from the previous years are only available for enterprises with at least 20 persons employed. | |
2000–… | |
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DIRECTLY APPLICABLE LEGAL ACTS Regulation (EC) No 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 December 2003 on the economic accounts for agriculture in the Community Regulation (EC) No 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (Text with EEA relevance) OTHER LEGAL ACTS Not available OTHER AGREEMENTS Not available |
The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 32, § 34, § 35, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act. | |
The dissemination of data collected for the production of official statistics is based on the requirements laid down in §§ 34 and 35 of the Official Statistics Act. The principles for treatment of confidential data can be found here. |
Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. Every year on 1 October, the release times of the statistical database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications for the following year are announced in the release calendar (in the case of publications – the release month). | |
All users have been granted equal access to official statistics: dissemination dates of official statistics are announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) is provided access to official statistics before other users. Official statistics are first published in the statistical database. If there is also a news release, it is published simultaneously with data in the statistical database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8:00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar. |
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Data are published in the statistical database at https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat under the subject area “Economy / Financial statistics of enterprises / Enterprises' income statement, employment and hours worked / Annual statistics” in the following tables: EM001: Financial statistics of enterprises by economic activity and number of persons employed EM003: Financial statistics of enterprises by county EM006: Concentration of turnover of enterprises by economic activity EM0072: Number of enterprises by turnover and economic activity, under the subject area “Economy / Financial statistics of enterprises / Enterprises' assets, liabilities and equity / Annual statistics” in the following tables: EM009: Enterprises' assets, liabilities and equity by economic activity and number of persons employed EM013: Enterprises' assets, liabilities and equity by county under the subject area “Economy / Service activities” in the following table: TE014: Turnover of service enterprises by economic activity, under the subject area “Economy / Industry / Economic indicators of industry / Annual statistics” in the following table: TO001: Industrial production by economic activity and county, under the subject area “Economy / Construction / Construction activities” in the following tables: EH001: Construction activities by place of construction activity EH002: Construction production in Estonia by type of construction, under the subject area “Economy / Financial statistics of enterprises / Population, sample and number of respondents. Quality indicators / Annual statistics” in the following table: EM026: Quality indicators of annual enterprise statistics by economic activity and under the subject area “Economy / Internal trade / Economic indicators of internal trade” in the following tables: KM0011: Sales of goods and maintenance and repair of motor vehicles services KM0021: Sales of goods and maintenance and repair of motor vehicles services by region KM0041: Wholesale sales of wholesale trade enterprises by economic activity and commodity group KM0061: Retail sales of retail trade enterprises by economic activity and commodity group KM0081: Trade enterprises' turnover, trade margin by economic activity. | |
The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 33, § 34, § 35, § 36, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act. Access to microdata and anonymisation of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes. | |
Data serve as input for statistical activities 10101 “Environmental protection expenditure accounts”, 10104 “Environmental taxes accounts”, 10406 “Air emissions accounts”, 20103 “Construction volume indices”, 20319 “Financial statistics of foreign affiliates”, 20407 “Consumer price index”, 20408 “Producer price index of industrial output”, 20505 “Community survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises”, 20901 “Business register for statistical purposes”, 20904 “Enterprise groups”, 21207 “Economic accounts for agriculture”, 21401 “National accounts (annual)”, 21403 “Tourism satellite accounts”, 21406 “Regional GDP”, 21407 “Sector accounts”, 21408 “Supply and use tables”, 22201 “Production indices” and 50101 “Regional development”. The core variables for the selected activities are also published as dashboards. | |
European business statistics manual Methodological Manual on European Structural Business Statistics – 2021 edition | |
Data on the quality of the population, sample and respondents are published in the statistical database (under the subject area Economy / Financial statistics of enterprises / Population, sample and number of respondents. Quality indicators / Annual statistics in the following table: EM026: Quality indicators of annual enterprise statistics by economic activity). The quality reports have been submitted to Eurostat (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/sbs_esms.htm). |
To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements in § 7. “Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act. | |
Statistics Estonia performs all statistical activities according to an international model (Generic Statistical Business Process Model – GSBPM). According to the GSBPM, the final phase of statistical activities is overall evaluation using information gathered in each phase or sub-process; this information can take many forms, including feedback from users, process metadata, system metrics and suggestions from employees. This information is used to prepare the evaluation report which outlines all the quality problems related to the specific statistical activity and serves as input for improvement actions. |
Statistics Estonia's national accounts system (incl. GDP production) Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications Ministry of Social Affairs Ministry of the Interior Eesti Pank (central bank of Estonia) | |
Since 1996, Statistics Estonia has conducted reputation and user satisfaction surveys. All results are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section User surveys. | |
In compliance with the rules (regulations) |
Data are in general comparable with those of other European Union Member States as the statistics are produced following the principles of EBS (European Business Statistics) regulation. | |
The data are comparable since 2005. In 2000–2007 the activity classification NACE Rev. 1.1. was in use. Starting from 2008, NACE Rev. 2 (Estonian Classification of Economic Activities 2008 (EMTAK 2008)) was implemented (back casted data for 2005–2007). | |
Since 2021, the calendar year profile, i.e. the final frame of economically active entities, is in use. Unlike the initial frame, the final frame covers entities that were active during the calendar year, including those that were only active in the final months of the year. The main source for updating the frame of active economic entities are annual reports. More information: Frame of active economic entities. The business demography data are also based on the final frame. The differences with the business demography data are mainly due to self-employed persons (sole proprietors) — they are included in the business demography, but are not included in the enterprise economic indicators data. During the data review, data control rules are applied to ensure that the turnover of the industrial activities at the unit level is the same value as in the Prodcom survey (22203 Manufactured goods). The data are compared with the data of short-term statistics (20007 Economic activity, quarter) (turnover, investments, number of employees) both at the level of the unit and aggregated (consolidated) data. The differences in the aggregated data are due to the use of different frames — the final frame, which is completed in November of the year following the reporting year, is used when producing annual statistics, and the initial frame, which is completed in November of the year before the reporting year, is used for producing short-term statistics for the following year. | |
The internal consistency of the data is ensured by the use of a common methodology for data collection and data aggregation. |
The data revision policy and notification of corrections are described in the section Principles of dissemination of official statistics of the website of Statistics Estonia. | |
The published data may be revised if the methodology is modified, errors are discovered, new or better data become available. |
SURVEY DATA Data are generally collected from all enterprises with 20 or more persons employed using the EKOMAR statistical questionnaires in the electronic data submission environment eSTAT. On the basis of the annual report (AR) data, the EKOMAR questionnaire is prefilled in eSTAT to reduce the response burden placed on enterprises and to avoid repetitive data requests. Respondents only need to add information not requested or provided in the annual report. Until 2012, a sample survey method was used whereby state and local government enterprises and private enterprises with at least 20 persons employed were surveyed exhaustively, while a stratified simple random sample was drawn from private enterprises with less than 20 employees, taking into account the economic activity and the number of persons employed. In 2013–2019, there was a gradual transition from a sample survey to an exhaustive survey. From 2020, it is a combined exhaustive survey (census) where data for all enterprises are either obtained using a statistical questionnaire or from annual reports. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA Annual reports (AR) of enterprises are received from the commercial register of the Centre of Registers and Information Systems. Modeling is used to find missing data in annual reports. DATA FROM OTHER STATISTICAL ACTIVITIES Not used | |
Annual | |
Data are collected and the submission of EKOMAR questionnaires is monitored through eSTAT (the web channel for electronic data submission). There are 10 questionnaires in use according to the economic activity of the enterprise, e.g. "EKOMAR F41" for construction enterprises, in which "F41" refers to the EMTAK code. The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in eSTAT and include instructions and controls. Since the reference year 2011 (statistical activities of 2012), data from the annual reports are used to prefill the questionnaires in eSTAT. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Questionnaires. The data from the Tax and Customs Board are received via X-Road and an FTP-server. The annual reports data from the commercial register are received via X-Road. | |
The input data are checked and, if necessary, corrected according to specified rules, and the compliance of estimated statistics with the quality requirements is checked as well: the coverage of the general sample, the response rate and internal coherence are checked, comparisons are made with previous periods and other data. | |
In the case of missing or unreliable data, estimate imputation based on established regulations will be used. The data of non-responded enterprises with more than 19 persons employed and essential smaller enterprises are imputed based on administrative data, data of the previous period or using the donor imputation method. Variables and statistical units which were not collected but which are necessary for producing the output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. Microdata are aggregated to the level necessary for analysis. This includes aggregating the data according to the classification. The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional indicators (incl. ratios). The input data from enterprises’ annual reports are used for directly related characteristics. Characteristics that are missing or not reported in the annual report are estimated by a model on enterprise level. Simple ratio adjustment method is used on the basis of enterprises’ or base year data. | |
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Since 2016 the statistical activities 20320 “Annual economic indicators of construction enterprises”, 20321 “Annual economic indicators of trade enterprises”, 20322 “Annual economic indicators of real estate”, 20323 “Annual economic indicators of service enterprises”, 20324 “Annual economic indicators of transport enterprises”, 20325 “Annual economic indicators of tourism and accommodation”, 20326 “Annual economic indicators of industrial enterprises” and 20503 “Annual accounts of information and communication technology sector” are merged with the activity 20300 “Financial statistics of enterprises (annual)”. With the listed statistical activities, the indicators of enterprises of selected economic activities were compiled to be published as a separate table. Since 2018 the statistical activity 20003 “Financial statistics of agricultural, forestry and fishing enterprises (annual)” was merged with the activity 20300. |