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Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Methodology and quality
  3. ESMS metadata
  4. Gender pay gap

Gender pay gap

1. Contact
1.1. Contact organisation

Statistics Estonia

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Population and Social Statistics Department

1.3. Contact name

Sigrid Saagpakk

1.4. Contact person function

Analyst

1.5. Contact mail address

51 Tatari Str, 10134 Tallinn, Estonia

1.6. Contact email address

sigrid.saagpakk [at] stat.ee

1.7. Contact phone number

37251987669

2. Metadata update
2.1. Metadata last certified

27/03/2025

2.2. Metadata last update

27/03/2025

3. Statistical presentation
3.1. Data description

Difference in the gross hourly earnings of male and female employees in October by economic activity (identified by an alphabetical code in EMTAK)

3.2. Classification system

Estonian Classification of Economic Activities (EMTAK 2008) based on NACE Rev. 2

3.3. Sector coverage

Economically active units – enterprises, institutions, organisations (excl. economic units without employees)

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

Gender pay gap – gross hourly wages and salaries of male employees – gross hourly wages and salaries of female employees / gross hourly wages and salaries of male employees.

In the context of gender pay gap the gross hourly wages and salaries are calculated without irregular bonuses and additional remuneration.

Males’ and females’ average hourly gross wages and salaries in October – payments to employees for time actually worked divided by hours actually worked.

Number of hours worked – hours actually worked, incl. time spent on tasks such as work preparation, repairing and cleaning equipment and devices, completing job tasks and reports; time spent at the place of work but not worked, e.g. machine stoppages, tea and coffee breaks, and overtime hours, excl. hours paid but not actually worked (vacation and sick time, etc.), lunch, time going to work and home, time spent at acquiring formal education within the adult education system and work-related training (courses, training exercises).

Pay for time actually worked – time-rate and piece-rate pay; additional remuneration for overtime work, shift work, night work and holiday work; additional remuneration for work in difficult and unhealthy conditions, regular additional remuneration for qualifications, language and length of service, etc. This also includes premiums and bonuses (monthly, quarterly and annual bonus, Christmas benefit, cost of living compensation, etc.), if the calculation of these payments is based on the time actually worked.

3.5. Statistical unit

Economic unit

3.6. Statistical population

Economically active units – enterprises, institutions, organisations (excl. economic units without employees)

FRAME

List of economically active units (excl. economic units without employees).

The list is generated from the Business Register for Statistical Purposes.

3.7. Reference area

Estonia as a whole

3.8. Time coverage

2011–…

3.9. Base period

Not applicable

4. Unit of measure

Financial data – euro

5. Reference period

Month

6. Institutional mandate
6.1. Legal acts and other agreements

DIRECTLY APPLICABLE LEGAL ACTS

Not available

OTHER LEGAL ACTS

Not available

OTHER AGREEMENTS

Not available

7. Confidentiality
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 32, § 34, § 35, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

The treatment of confidential data is regulated by the Procedure for Protection of Data Collected and Processed by Statistics Estonia (in Estonian). See more details on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Õigusaktid.

8. Release policy
8.1. Release calendar

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. Every year on 1 October, the release times of the statistical database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications for the following year are announced in the release calendar (in the case of publications – the release month).

8.2. Release calendar access

Calendar

8.3. User access

All users have been granted equal access to official statistics: dissemination dates of official statistics are announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) is provided access to official statistics before other users. Official statistics are first published in the statistical database. If there is also a news release, it is published simultaneously with data in the statistical database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8:00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar.

9. Frequency of dissemination

Annual

10. Accessibility and clarity
10.1. News release

The news release “Gender Pay Gap” once a year. The news release can be viewed on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Uudiskiri (in Estonian).

10.2. Publications

Not published

10.3. Online database

Data are published in the statistical database at https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat under the subject area “Economy / Wages and salaries and labour costs / Wages and salaries / Annual statistics” in the following table:

PA5335: Gender pay gap by economic activity (EMTAK 2008), October

10.4. Microdata access

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 33, § 34, § 35, § 36, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act. Access to microdata and anonymisation of microdata are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes.

10.5. Other

Not used

10.6. Documentation on methodology

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 of 8 September 2000 on implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 530/1999 concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs as regards the definition and transmission of information on structure of earnings

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1738/2005 of 21 October 2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 1916/2000 as regards the definition and transmission of information on the structure of earnings

10.7. Quality documentation

Data on the population, sample and respondents, and error estimates are planned to be published in the Statistical Database.

11. Quality management
11.1. Quality assurance

To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements in § 7. “Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.

11.2. Quality assessment

Statistics Estonia performs all statistical activities according to an international model (Generic Statistical Business Process Model – GSBPM). According to the GSBPM, the final phase of statistical activities is overall evaluation using information gathered in each phase or sub-process; this information can take many forms, including feedback from users, process metadata, system metrics and suggestions from employees. This information is used to prepare the evaluation report which outlines all the quality problems related to the specific statistical activity and serves as input for improvement actions.

12. Relevance
12.1. User needs

Ministry of Social Affairs

Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications

12.2. User satisfaction

Since 1996, Statistics Estonia has conducted reputation and user satisfaction surveys. All results are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section User surveys.

12.3. Completeness

In compliance with the rules (regulations)

13. Accuracy and reliability
13.1. Overall accuracy

The type of survey and the data collection methods ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness.

13.2. Sampling error

The error due to probability sampling is estimated and the sampling errors are published in the Statistical Database.

13.3. Non-sampling error

Eurostat and the national statistical institutes try to reduce non-sampling errors through continuous methodological and survey process improvements.

14. Timeliness and punctuality
14.1. Timeliness

The data are published within 181 days of the end of the reference month (T + 181).

14.2. Punctuality

The data have been published at the time announced in the release calendar.

15. Coherence and comparability
15.1. Comparability - geographical

The definitions and classifications used in Estonia comply with international definitions and classifications ensuring international comparability of the data.

15.2. Comparability - over time

The data are comparable over time and are based on a consistent methodology since 2011.

15.3. Coherence - cross domain

Data collection for gender pay gap statistics is closely related to other statistics in the same field. Coherence issues (differences in coverage, definitions and/or methodology) should be taken into account when comparing data related to the same variables obtained from different sources (Structure of earnings survey, wages and salaries survey).

15.4. Coherence - internal

The outputs of the statistical activity are coherent. The higher-level aggregate data are calculated on the basis of detailed data according to calculation rules.

16. Cost and burden

17. Data revision
17.1. Data revision - policy

The data revision policy and notification of corrections are described in the section Principles of dissemination of official statistics of the website of Statistics Estonia.

17.2. Data revision - practice

The published data may be revised if the methodology is modified, errors are discovered, new or better data become available.

18. Statistical processing
18.1. Source data

SURVEY DATA

Total population is 98,000 objects. The sample includes 7,000 objects in a month and 12,500 objects in a quarter.

All state and local government institutions and enterprises with at least 50 and more employees are surveyed. For enterprises with less than 50 employees stratified simple random sampling by economic activity is used.

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

Data from the Estonian Tax and Customs Board employment register are used.

DATA FROM OTHER STATISTICAL ACTIVITIES

Data from statistical activity 21102 “Hourly earnings of male and female employees” and statistical activity 21101 “Wages and salaries“ are used.

18.2. Frequency of data collection

Data are collected during the three years when data are not collected with the statistical activity 21102, for October.

18.3. Data collection

Data are collected and the submission of questionnaires is monitored through eSTAT (the web channel for electronic data submission). The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in eSTAT and include instructions and controls. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on the website of Statistics Estonia in the section Questionnaires.

Data for October are collected with the monthly official statistics questionnaire “Wage gap”.

Data from the Tax and Customs Board are received via X-Road and a FTP-server.

18.4. Data validation

Arithmetic and qualitative controls are used in the validation process, including checking that the population coverage and response rates are as required, comparison with the data of previous periods or other surveys and with administrative data sources.

18.5. Data compilation

In the case of missing or unreliable data, estimate imputation based on established regulations will be used. The data of the enterprises that did not submit the questionnaire are replaced in the census part.

Variables and statistical units which were not collected but which are necessary for producing the output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. This may be done repeatedly, the derived variable may, in turn, be based on previously derived new variables.

For statistical units weights are calculated, which are used to expand the data of the sample survey to the total population.

Microdata are aggregated to the level necessary for analysis. This includes aggregating the data according to the classification, and calculating various statistical measures, e.g. average, median, dispersion, etc.

The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional indicators.

18.6. Adjustment

Not applicable

19. Comments

Not available.

Contacts

+372 625 9300
stat [at] stat.ee
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