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On Monday, 7 November, the Estonian Debating Society and Statistics Estonia will launch a series of debates, called “Estonia’s Most Important Debate”, focussing on population issues. During the week, researchers and politicians will debate with young people in six different locations in Estonia.

“According to the GDP flash estimate, there are several indications of economic improvement in the first quarter, compared with both the first and the last quarter of 2025,” said Robert Müürsepp, the National Accounts Service Manager at Statistics Estonia. Compared with the fourth quarter of 2025, the seasonally and working-day adjusted GDP grew by 0.6% according to the flash estimate. What is a flash estimate of GDP? The official data on GDP for the first quarter of 2026 will be published by Statistics Estonia on 29 May, but based on the information already available, it is possible to assess

Johanna Linda Pihlak, analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that the volume of turnover was unchanged in December year on year but started to increase in January. “The rise in retail trade volume in January was mostly due to enterprises engaged in the retail sale of automotive fuel, as their turnover volume rose by 4% compared with January 2025. The main reason for this was the fall in motor fuel prices,” explained Pihlak. “The turnover of enterprises engaged in the retail sale of automotive fuel does not only include the sale of motor fuels but reflects total sales, including income from food

Piret Pukk, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that about half of the tourists accommodated in Estonia in November 2025 were foreign tourists and the other half were domestic tourists – their numbers were 127,273 and 127,716, respectively. “The number of foreign tourists was still 13% lower than in November 2019 before the pandemic. The number of domestic tourists was 10% higher than in November 2019, which has also been the trend in previous months,” added Pukk. Year on year, there were fewer tourists from Finland and more tourists from Latvia The largest number of foreign tourists

Robert Müürsepp, the National Accounts Service Manager at Statistics Estonia, said that the flash estimate indicates a slight improvement in the economy compared with the fourth quarter of 2024, while the trend was unchanged compared with the third quarter of 2025. “The seasonally and working-day adjusted GDP remained at the same level as in the third quarter,” added Müürsepp. What is the flash estimate of GDP? The official data on GDP for the fourth quarter of 2025 will be published on 2 March, but it is possible to assess the overall economic trend based on the information already available

In Estonia, the general government sector comprises three sub-sectors: central government, local governments, and social security funds. The central government sub-sector includes state budget units, foundations, and legal entities governed by public law. The local government sub-sector includes city and rural municipality governments with their subsidiary units, and foundations. Social security funds include the Estonian Health Insurance Fund and the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund. Pauline Kommer, the Government Finance Service Manager at Statistics Estonia, said that all three sub

Johanna Linda Pihlak, analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that the biggest increase was registered in enterprises engaged in the retail sale of automotive fuel, where turnover volume increased by 14% last year. “The volume of turnover was up by 4% in stores selling manufactured goods but decreased by 4% in grocery stores,” added Pihlak. Pihlak explained that the increase in the turnover volume of enterprises engaged in the retail sale of automotive fuel was influenced by the lower reference base of 2024 and by the lower prices of motor fuels. She noted that the turnover of enterprises engaged

Johanna Linda Pihlak, analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that retail trade volume started to grow again in January this year and the growth continued in February. “The growth rate, however, was slightly slower in February than in January,” she added. In February, the increase in the volume of retail trade turnover was influenced by enterprises engaged in the retail sale of automotive fuel and by stores selling manufactured goods. Compared with February 2025, the volume of turnover grew by 17% in enterprises engaged in the retail sale of automotive fuel and by 8% in stores selling manufactured

Eveli Šokman, the producer price statistics service manager at Statistics Estonia, said that, year on year, the producer price index declined in December after three months of trending upwards. “Compared with December 2024, the index was affected the most by falling prices in the manufacture of fuel oils and in electricity and heat energy production. Higher prices in the manufacture of wood and wood products, peat production, and the manufacture of food products had the opposite effect on the index,” added Šokman. In manufacturing as a whole, the index was unchanged year on year. In the

Kadri Rootalu, the service manager of population and education statistics at Statistics Estonia, said that the demographic trends of recent years continued in 2025. “Last year, over 6,000 more people died than were born. Emigration remained at the level of 2024, but immigration decreased. Net migration was negative for the first time since 2014. The population of Estonia declined by 7,041 overall,” explained Rootalu. The number of births was under 10,000 for the second time in history 9,092 children were born in 2025, which is 6% less than in 2024. “Compared with 2024, there were 600 fewer