Environmental protection expenditure accounts reflect the measures and expenditures targeted at the prevention, reduction or elimination of pollution. National expenditure on environmental protection is calculated as a sum of current expenditure and capital expenditure (investments) on environmental protection activities, after deducting transfers from the rest of the world. Kaia Oras, leading expert at Statistics Estonia, noted that nearly half of the environmental protection expenditure in 2022 was made up of expenditures on waste management (347 million euros). “Expenditure on waste