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Terje Trasberg, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that 2024 was similar to 2023. “Last year, almost 6,000 more people died than were born. Immigration exceeded emigration by 550 people. While in the last two years, positive net migration compensated for the exceptionally low number of births, in 2024 the population as a whole also declined by more than 5,000 people,” Trasberg explained. Number of births continues to drop The analyst noted that the decline in births accelerated further in 2024 compared with 2023. “9,646 babies were born in 2024, which is more than 1,000 fewer than the

In June, the enterprises’ confidence indicator was the highest in trade (+20.5); it was +3.1 in the services sector and -3.8 in the industry sector. The confidence indicator was the lowest in the construction sector (-12), where insufficient demand was considered the main factor limiting construction activity. The consumer confidence indicator was -29 in June. Month on month, confidence improved among consumers as well as among enterprises in the trade, construction and services sectors. Assessments by industry sector enterprises were somewhat more pessimistic. A more detailed look at the

In September, the confidence indicator was still the highest in retail trade (+21.1, up from +15.7 in August). Compared with August, there was a significant deterioration in enterprises’ assessment of their sales in the last three months, although enterprises were more optimistic about expected sales in the next three months. There was also a slight improvement in assessments of the volume of stock. In the services sector, the confidence indicator was +1.2 in September (+7.4 in August), and enterprises had a more negative view of expected demand in the next three months. Confidence also

Krista Vaikmets, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that wage growth slowed down in 2025. “Last year, wages and salaries did not grow as fast as in previous years, but monthly gross wages still increased in all counties. The biggest increase was registered in Valga, Põlva and Rapla counties where gross wages were up by more than 6.5% last year,” she said. Vaikmets added that, in 2025, the average monthly gross wages and salaries were the highest in Harju county (2,336 euros), rising by 5.3% year on year, and in Tartu county (2,112 euros), growing by 5.9% year on year. “Looking at

Eveli Šokman, team lead of producer price statistics at Statistics Estonia, said that, year on year, the producer price index rose for the second month in a row. “The rise has been of roughly the same magnitude, standing at 0.5% in September and 0.6% in October,” noted Šokman. Compared with October last year, the index was most affected by price increases in the manufacture of wood and wood products, food, and fabricated metal products. Falling prices in the manufacture of fuel oils, paper and paper products, and electronic equipment had the opposite effect on the index. Year on year, producer

Anton Kardakov, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that, in 2025, the quantity of commercial fish sold by fish farming enterprises increased by 253 tonnes, or 26%, compared with 2024. “The volume of commercial catch declined in the years 2019–2022 but has been rising again in the last three years,” said Kardakov. The increase in volume had an impact on average price. The average price per kilogram of farmed fish was 5.5 euros – down by nearly 30% from 2024. Rainbow trout is still the most farmed and sold fish species in Estonia, and its quantity continues to increase each year. 1,102

The business and consumer surveys reflect economic confidence in four business sectors and among consumers. A confidence indicator* is calculated for each sector based on the survey responses. These indicators are used for economic forecasting and international comparisons, among other things. The results of the May survey show that the confidence indicator was the highest in the trade sector (+14). The confidence indicator was -0.1 for the services sector and -0.9 for the industry sector. The construction sector had the lowest confidence indicator (-17.1), with insufficient demand cited as