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According to Statistics Estonia, in 2022, life expectancy at birth was 78.1 years in Estonia. Male life expectancy was 73.6 years and female life expectancy was 82.3 years. Men live disability-free for 57.9 years and women for 60.6 years.

Terje Trasberg, team lead of population and education statistics at Statistics Estonia, said that 18,634 persons immigrated to Estonia and 17,260 persons emigrated in 2024. “Last year, natural increase was negative (–6,066 people), while net migration was positive (+1,374 people). As the negative natural increase deepened compared with previous years, the positive net migration could no longer compensate for it. Therefore, the population fell by almost 5,000 people last year,” she said, adding that the last time Estonia's population declined was in 2016. There were 6,100 fewer births than

“In 1994, the life expectancy of Estonian residents was 66.5 years, whereas by 2024 it had increased by 13 years and reached 79.5 years. In both Latvia and Lithuania, life expectancy has increased by about nine years in the same 30-year period. Life expectancy is currently 77.6 years in Lithuania and 75.6 years in Latvia,” explained Eveli Voolens, the social statistics team lead at Statistics Estonia. She added that Latvia has one of the lowest life expectancies in Europe. On the other hand, in Finland, life expectancy was already 76.7 years in 1994 and has now increased by 4.9 years to 81.6

According to Statistics Estonia, 22.5% of Estonia’s population lived at risk of poverty and 3.5% in absolute poverty in 2022. Compared with 2021, the share of people living at risk of poverty decreased by 0.3 percentage points and the share of people living in absolute poverty increased by 2.1 percentage points.

Robert Müürsepp, the National Accounts Service Manager at Statistics Estonia, said that GDP growth was last over 2% in the first quarter of 2022. “GDP increased for the fourth quarter in a row,” he said. “In the case of most economic activities, their contribution to GDP in the first quarter was positive, although mostly modest,” added Müürsepp. He said that, for the third consecutive quarter, manufacturing was the biggest driver of economic growth as its value added was up by 7%. Administrative and support service activities also had a significant impact with a 11.6% increase in value added

Johanna Linda Pihlak, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that the turnover volume of retail trade enterprises started to decline in May, after a period of growth since the beginning of the year. “This was due to stores selling manufactured goods where the volume of turnover was down by 5% year on year. The turnover volume of stores selling manufactured goods had not fallen since November 2025,” explained Pihlak. “The turnover volume of grocery stores did not start to rise in May – it remained at the same level as in May last year,” added Pihlak. The turnover volume of enterprises

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2019, the labour force participation rate was 71.6%, the employment rate was 68.4% and the unemployment rate was 4.4%. The annual average number of persons active in the labour market was 702,600 and persons employed numbered 671,300.

Piret Pukk, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that nearly 1.95 million foreign and 1.74 million domestic tourists were accommodated in Estonia in 2025. “Compared with 2024, there were 5% more foreign tourists and 1% fewer domestic tourists,” she added. “When we compare tourist numbers with those in the pre-pandemic record year 2019, the number of accommodated domestic tourists was 13% higher last year, while the number of foreign tourists was 13% lower,” noted Pukk. In 2025, the biggest numbers of accommodated foreign tourists arrived from Finland, Latvia and Germany. “In the case of

The total number of vacant and occupied posts in the fourth quarter was a little under 599,000. “The number of vacant posts was the highest in public administration and defence and compulsory social security (1,277). The number of occupied posts was the greatest in manufacturing (98,898),” said Sigrid Saagpakk, analyst at Statistics Estonia. Vacant posts accounted for 1.5% of the total number of posts. In addition to public administration, the other activities with a bigger number of job vacancies were information and communication (1,205), trade (1,187) and education (1,120). The number of

In the first six months of 2026, there were more than 874,900 foreign and nearly 789,400 domestic tourists accommodated in Estonia. Piret Pukk, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that the number of nights spent also increased year on year. “Compared with the first half of 2025, the number of nights spent was up by 5%, totalling 3.04 million,” said Pukk. From January to June 2026, foreign tourists stayed for over 1.72 million nights and domestic tourists for more than 1.32 million nights. Year on year, the number of nights spent by foreign tourists was up by 7% and the number of nights