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People sometimes need extra support to better cope with difficulties related to job loss, unexpected illness, or reaching retirement age. Social protection helps the underprivileged and more vulnerable members of society to cope, through public and private financial assistance and support services related to job search, health care and daily living. The state organises social protection through social insurance and social welfare. Social insurance provides a person at least a minimum income in the event of loss of employment, illness, birth of a child, incapacity for work and old age. Social

Absolute poverty means that a person’s income is below the absolute poverty threshold. The threshold is calculated on the basis of equivalised disposable income that takes into account the composition of the household (the weight of the first adult member is 1, the weight of each additional member aged at least 14 years is 0.7 and the weight of everyone under 14 years of age is 0.5), i.e. the total household income is divided by the sum of equivalence scales of household members. The absolute poverty threshold is the estimated subsistence minimum, which represents the financial cost of meeting

The construction price index expresses the change in the cost of construction taking into consideration the price changes of basic inputs. These are divided into three main groups: labour, building materials and building machines. The calculation of the construction price index covers four groups of buildings: detached houses, blocks of flats, industrial buildings and office buildings. Price information is collected with a sample survey covering construction, rental and wholesale companies and retail enterprises in ten regions to achieve sufficient regional and statistical coverage. The

The list of economic units is a helpful tool primarily for those respondents who are required to report in statistical questionnaires financial transactions or financial assets and liabilities broken down by customer or type of transaction, e.g. loans granted and deposits taken by credit institutions or lease claims of customers of leasing companies. The list of economic units is published once a year (in December) and includes economic units that have been economically active in at least one of the last three years. An exception is all financial sector units, which are included in the list

Research and development (R&D) aim at acquiring new knowledge or using existing knowledge in a novel way. For example, it is the improvement of a product or work process. R&D ends when the main product is developed and the focus is shifted to production planning or market expansion. The main features of R&D are novelty, creativity, ambiguity, systematicity and transferability. Novelty means discovering something new, and with that goal in mind, researchers carry out studies at universities and research institutes. In business, novelty refers to new discoveries or technologies that have not

Exports is the exportation of goods produced in Estonia and exportation of goods imported from a foreign country. It includes temporary exportation of goods for the purpose of processing abroad, re-exportation after processing in Estonia and supplies for foreign vessels and aircraft. Exports does not include transit and services. Data on exports to EU countries are based on Intrastat questionnaires collected by Statistics Estonia, supplemented with estimates and administrative data. Estimates are compiled at the level of the 2-digit commodity code and partner country. Data on exports to non-EU