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Research and development (R&D) aim at acquiring new knowledge or using existing knowledge in a novel way. For example, it is the improvement of a product or work process. R&D ends when the main product is developed and the focus is shifted to production planning or market expansion. The main features of R&D are novelty, creativity, ambiguity, systematicity and transferability. Novelty means discovering something new, and with that goal in mind, researchers carry out studies at universities and research institutes. In business, novelty refers to new discoveries or technologies that have not

Social protection helps the underprivileged and vulnerable members of society to cope, covering public and private financial support and support services for job search, health care and daily living. The state organises social protection through social insurance and social welfare. Social insurance provides a person at least a minimum income in the event of loss of employment, illness, birth of a child, incapacity for work and old age. Social welfare is aimed at improving the living standards of the most vulnerable members of society and preventing poverty. Social protection measures help

Being at risk of poverty means that a person’s income is below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. The threshold is calculated on the basis of equivalised disposable income that takes into account the composition of the household (the weight of the first adult member is 1, the weight of each additional member aged at least 14 years is 0.5 and the weight of everyone under 14 years of age is 0.3), i.e. the total household income is divided by the sum of equivalence scales of household members. The at-risk-of-poverty threshold is 60% of the median equivalised annual disposable income of household

The statistics in the section of sustainable development provide an overview on how Estonia is moving towards the goals of the global sustainable development agenda. At the UN summit in 2015, the global sustainable development goals were agreed on by adopting the resolution Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 global sustainable development goals with 169 targets. The Commission for Sustainable Development approved the relevant indicators for Estonia to monitor progress towards the goals. The topic of cultural space, which is not one of the

In today’s rapidly evolving and changing world, international cooperation is essential for the production, development and explanation of statistics. International cooperation takes place both globally and regionally. The aim of international cooperation is to: design and develop comparable statistics; adopt innovative methods; find new data sources The modernisation of statistical systems, the introduction of new data sources and processing methods makes statistical production more efficient and contributes to quality and user-friendly data. Statisticians and analysts need to decide on a