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According to Statistics Estonia in 2010, 17.5% of the Estonian population lived in relative poverty. The percentage of people living in relative poverty increased 1.7 percentage points compared to the previous year. In 2009 the at-risk-of-poverty rate was 15.8%.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2010 the ratio of research and development (R&D) expenditures to the gross domestic product reached a novel level – 1.63%, a year earlier the respective indicator was 1.43%. The improved result was significantly influenced by investments in the technological development made in the oil industry.

In 2017, the unemployment rate was 5.8%, the employment rate 67.5% and the labour force participation rate 71.6%. The labour force participation rate increased by 1.2 percentage points and the employment rate by 1.9 percentage points. The unemployment rate decreased by 1 percentage point. Employment and labour force participation remained high throughout 2017, reaching the highest levels in 20 years. The number of inactive persons continued to decline.

According to Statistics Estonia, in February exports of goods from Estonia at current prices totalled 7.9 billion kroons and imports to Estonia 8.9 billion kroons. Compared to February of the previous year, exports declined by 26% and imports by 35%. The decrease was caused by a significant decline in the trade concerning machinery and equipment and transport equipment.