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According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, 1,313,271 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2015 – 2,666 persons (0.2%) fewer than at the same time a year earlier. Negative natural increase is the main cause for population decline, while the influence of emigration has decreased significantly.

According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, 1,315,819 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2014. In 2013 the population declined by 4,355 persons (0.3%). Increased immigration has reduced the impact of emigration on population decline. However, the falling number of births means that natural increase has a bigger role in population decline.

According to preliminary data of Statistics Estonia, in 2009, 4,647 persons emigrated from Estonia and 3,643 persons immigrated into Estonia. Since the restoration of independence emigration has exceeded immigration in Estonia.

Data from the population and housing census conducted at the end of 2021 show that on average in Estonia, people’s homes are older than they are, and the number of households living in private houses has increased.

According to the initial estimates of Statistics Estonia, the population number of Estonia as at 1 January 2016 was 1,311,800, which is 1,500 persons fewer than at the same time a year ago.

According to the initial estimates of Statistics Estonia, the population number of Estonia as at 1 January 2015 was 1,312,300, which is 3,600 persons less than at the same time a year ago.

According to Statistics Estonia’s projection, if the current demographic trends continue, the population of Estonia will decrease by 125,000 in the next roughly 30 years due to negative natural increase and negative net migration. Thus, the projected population of Estonia in 2040 will be 1,195,000.

Statistics Estonia revised the population figures for 2000–2013 based on the data of the 2011 census and various registers. According to the revised data, the estimated population number of Estonia as at 1 January 2014 was 1,311,870 by preliminary estimates.

According to Statistics Estonia, 1,286,000 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2013. Due to migration the population declined by more than 6,600 persons, due to the natural increase by 1,400 persons