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While at the beginning of the new century it was mainly the inhabitants of Estonia who eagerly moved elsewhere in Europe, today more and more citizens of other European Union countries are settling in Estonia. Kristjan Erik Loik, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, takes a look at who has arrived here in the last 20 years.

Commissioned by the Ministry of Social Affairs, Statistics Estonia analyses the employment situation of Ukrainian refugees under temporary protection and the Ukrainian citizens staying in the country on other grounds. Data will be updated regularly from now on.

Mart Mägi has served as Director General of Statistics Estonia since April 2017. His last day in office will be 7 May. As of 10 May, Mägi will assume the position of Chairman of the Board of AS Eesti Post.

According to the final results of the 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011), 1,294,455 permanent residents were enumerated in Estonia. The census results indicate the continued concentration of the population around major cities.

According to the preliminary data of the 2011 Population and Housing Census, of the 1,294,236 enumerated permanent residents in Estonia, 1,101,761 are Estonian citizens. Compared to the previous census, the share of Estonian citizens has increased from 80% to 85%.

Terje Trasberg, team lead of population and education statistics at Statistics Estonia, said that 18,634 persons immigrated to Estonia and 17,260 persons emigrated in 2024. “Last year, natural increase was negative (–6,066 people), while net migration was positive (+1,374 people). As the negative natural increase deepened compared with previous years, the positive net migration could no longer compensate for it. Therefore, the population fell by almost 5,000 people last year,” she said, adding that the last time Estonia's population declined was in 2016. There were 6,100 fewer births than

Terje Trasberg, leading analyst at Statistics Estonia, said that 2024 was similar to 2023. “Last year, almost 6,000 more people died than were born. Immigration exceeded emigration by 550 people. While in the last two years, positive net migration compensated for the exceptionally low number of births, in 2024 the population as a whole also declined by more than 5,000 people,” Trasberg explained. Number of births continues to drop The analyst noted that the decline in births accelerated further in 2024 compared with 2023. “9,646 babies were born in 2024, which is more than 1,000 fewer than the

According to Statistics Estonia, on 1 January 2024, the population of Estonia was 1,374,687. There were 10,949 births and 16,002 deaths in Estonia in 2023.