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According to Statistics Estonia, in 2011 the ratio of research and development expenditures to the gross domestic product rose upon a novel level – 2.41%, surpassing for the first time the EU mean of 2.03%.

According to Statistics Estonia, 4,098 persons immigrated to Estonia and 6,740 persons emigrated from Estonia in 2013. There were 1,459 immigrants more than in 2012.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2007 19.5% of the Estonian population lived in relative poverty, a similar amount to the previous year. The difference in income between the poorest and richest fifth of the population was fivefold, leaving Estonia persistently in the top ten of the poorest countries in Europe.

According to Statistics Estonia, the unemployment rate was 7.4% and the employment rate was 63% in 2014. Unemployment has decreased and employment has increased since 2011, but these changes have gradually slowed down.