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The focus of the goal “Affordable and Clean Energy” is access to reliable, sustainable and affordable energy. Further efforts must be made for the availability of electricity or other energy sources used for preparing food. Energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy must be increased. The 2030 Agenda sets the target to increase the share of renewable energy in energy production, double the rate of improvement in energy efficiency, i.e. reduce energy intensity per unit of GDP. Specifically, it is important to contribute to the development of better financial instruments, to define

The focus of the global goal “Responsible Consumption and Production” is sustainable production and consumption patterns, more efficient use of resources and activities that reduce human impact on the environment and health. The 2030 Agenda lays down implementing the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns. The essence of the programmes is sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. Food waste must be reduced by a half and food losses must be reduced in production and supply chains. The agenda highlights the need for environmentally

The focus of the global goal “Good Health and Well-being” is the quality of health, which has the most direct impact on people’s well-being. Important issues include how to improve sexual health, ensure the health of mothers and infants, prevent communicable diseases and ensure accessibility of safe, quality and affordable health care. Disease awareness must be increased and more attention must be paid to prevention. Addictions, including drug abuse and smoking must be prevented and treated more than previously. Reduction in the number of road traffic accidents is emphasised. The Estonian

The focus of the goal “Viability of Cultural Space” is ensuring through culture the sustainability and viability of Estonia as a nation state. The values, principles, methods, behavioural patterns, ways of thinking and life associated with sustainable development represent social innovation, a fundamental change in social life, which can be successfully carried out through culture. The UN 2030 Agenda does not include goals or target levels directly associated with culture. Some principles related to culture are however highlighted. Ensuring the viability of the Estonian cultural space is one

The focus of the global goal “Life Below Water” is the protection of the ecosystems of seas and oceans and sustainable use of marine resources. Marine acidification caused by climate change and pollution of the world seas and oceans as well as overfishing have a major impact on marine ecosystems. The 2030 Agenda includes the target to reduce marine pollution of all kinds (first target date 2025) and ensure sustainable management, protection and restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems (first target date 2020). A separate target is providing access for small-scale artisanal fishers to

The focus of the global goal “Partnerships for the Goals” is cooperation and partnership for achieving all SDGs. It requires more effective cooperation at all levels, international and national. In the 2030 Agenda, this goal is divided into five topics: finance, technology, capacity-building, trade and systemic issues. The primary requirements are strengthening partnership and ensuring cohesive sustainable development activities both nationally and internationally. It is important to achieve public and private sector as well as civil society partnerships, using their experience and relevant

The focus of the global goal “Zero Hunger” is food and access to food. The goal is to end hunger by 2030, and therefore, the emphasis is on food sufficiency and quality of food that would meet the nutritional needs of the poor and the vulnerable groups. For ending hunger and ensuring adequate nutrition, the 2030 Agenda lays down measures to double agricultural productivity in order to increase food production and reduce food waste. An important goal is to develop crops that are resistant to climate change and improve soil quality. It is essential to maintain the genetic diversity of local

The focus of the global goal “Reduced Inequalities” is safe, controlled and regular migration, and increasing the influence of developing countries in making economic and financial decisions. The 2030 Agenda lays down that the incomes of the 40% of population earning the least must grow faster than national averages. Also, all people must be treated equally, irrespective of their age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, economic or other status, while their social, economic and political inclusion must be promoted. The same principles must also apply in the case of migration

The focus of the global goal “Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions” is people’s overall security. Mainly attention is paid to regions of military conflict, but the goal is to increase security everywhere. The 2030 Agenda targets emphasise the need to reduce violence and the number of related deaths, especially among children. Child abuse and exploitation, trafficking in children, violence against and torture of children must be ended. The activities of countries must be based on the rule of law. Corruption is to be reduced, while other 2030 targets include reducing illegal financial and arms

The focus of the global goal “Climate Action” is to mitigating the impact from climate change and adapting to it. The average global temperature continues to rise and global sea ice is shrinking. This causes floods and natural disasters to occur more often and increases the risk of species extinction. The 2030 Agenda lays down the target to mitigate climate change as well as adapt to it. Political programmes and strategies must include these topics. It is necessary to raise awareness about climate change, capacity to mitigate it and adjust to it, reduce its impact and provide early warning. On