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In 2017, the social protection field was mostly characterised by growth trends: the average old-age pension exceeded 400 euros, labour market measures are being used more and there is a greater variety of them, the expenditure on family allowances increased and new allowances for large families were added. The number of old-age pensioners and subsistence benefit recipients has declined.

When we consider migration in current population as of 1 January 2008 we will get 16,000 people less. It is not one year emigration but eight years’ process where emigration has been bigger than immigration.

According to preliminary data of Statistics Estonia, in 2009, 4,647 persons emigrated from Estonia and 3,643 persons immigrated into Estonia. Since the restoration of independence emigration has exceeded immigration in Estonia.

According to the data of the 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011), 75.2% of Estonian residents are native population.

According to the data of 2012, in Estonian emigration the movement takes place towards the countries offering bigger economic welfare. People emigrate from Estonia mainly to Finland and the United Kingdom and people immigrate to Estonia from Finland and Russia.