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Data from the 2021 census show that the share of people with higher education in Estonia is increasing and the share of people with basic education is decreasing. A fifth of the inhabitants in Estonia have a master's degree, and Tartu and Viimsi stand out for their particularly high concentration of highly educated people.

During the population and housing census, information on the highest level of education attained by inhabitants of Estonia was also gathered. Collected data revealed that the educational attainment of the population continues to rise. The level of education of foreigners living in here has also increased significantly. Below we will take a closer look at the educational attainment of the native Estonian- and Russian-speaking population as well as that of other mother tongue speakers and see how it has changed since the previous censuses.

According to Statistics Estonia, at the beginning of the academic year of 2010/2011, 69,113 students were enrolled in higher education in Estonia, 128 students more than in the previous year. 1,282 foreign students from 62 countries are studying in Estonian universities. The number of foreign students has increased by 388 students compared to 2005.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2008 the growth of wages and salaries slowed down but the increased pensions and governmental benefits helped to maintain incomes. Therefore the relative poverty remained on the level of 2007.

According to Statistics Estonia, on the labour market of Estonia, young people aged 15–24 have suffered the most due to the economic crisis; their unemployment increased more than three times in the 1st quarter of 2009 compared to the same period of the previous year.

According to Statistics Estonia, the Immigrant Population Survey reveals that in case of immigrant occupational career the skill of the Estonian language is more important than the immigrant background.