Population and Housing Census 2021 A population and housing census is the collection, analysis and aggregation of data with a precise census moment in order to determine the composition, location, economic and social distribution, etc. of the population. Who conducts the census? In Europe, the statistical office of the European Union, Eurostat, coordinates population and housing censuses. Eurostat obliges Member States to carry out a population census in a given year and determines a precise list of mandatory output characteristics and their format, in order to ensure the comparability of data