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According to Statistics Estonia, during the last decade Estonia experienced a fast progress towards economic welfare, but the same cannot be said in regard to social coherence, ecological balance and developments in the cultural space. Nevertheless, both negative and positive trends can be witnessed in all these spheres.

Statistics Estonia presents today, on 26 July, the publication "Eesti statistika aastaraamat 2013. Statistical Yearbook of Estonia", which provides an overview of the life in Estonia last year in comparison with earlier years and in other European Union countries.

According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, 1,315,944 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2016 – 2,673 persons more than at the same time a year earlier. The population figure decreased by 1,336 persons due to negative natural increase, but increased by 2,410 as a result of positive net migration. The increase in the population figure was also influenced by changes in the calculation methodology, resulting in 1,599 persons being added to the population.

According to the initial estimates of Statistics Estonia, the population number of Estonia as at 1 January 2017 was 1,317,800, which is 1,850 persons more than at the same time a year ago.

According to the initial estimates of Statistics Estonia, the population number of Estonia as at 1 January 2016 was 1,311,800, which is 1,500 persons fewer than at the same time a year ago.

According to the revised data of Statistics Estonia, 1,315,819 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2014. In 2013 the population declined by 4,355 persons (0.3%). Increased immigration has reduced the impact of emigration on population decline. However, the falling number of births means that natural increase has a bigger role in population decline.

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2008 the at-risk-of-poverty rate of older women was over two times higher than that of older men. 41% of women aged 65 and older and 19% of men of the same age lived in relative poverty.

According to Statistics Estonia, by preliminary data, five births less than deaths were registered in Estonia in 2010. By preliminary estimation, the population of Estonia was 1,340,100 on 1 January 2010.

In 2017, the social protection field was mostly characterised by growth trends: the average old-age pension exceeded 400 euros, labour market measures are being used more and there is a greater variety of them, the expenditure on family allowances increased and new allowances for large families were added. The number of old-age pensioners and subsistence benefit recipients has declined.